Public defence of doctoral thesis | Game demands and fatigue profiles in elite football โ€“ an individual approach: Implications for training and recovery strategies | Dan Fransson, University of Gothenburg

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On Friday, May 3, 2019, at 13:00, Dan Fransson will present and defend his dissertation Game demands and fatigue profiles in elite football โ€“ an individual approach:ย Implications for training and recovery strategiesย at the Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, at Pedagogen, room BE 036.

The external reviewer is Professor Matthew Spencer, University of Agder, Norway, and theย examining committee is made up of Dr. Henrik Sรธrensen, Aarhus University, Denmark;ย Dr. Susana Pรณvoas, University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Portugal; andย Dr. Berner Lindstrรถm, Department of Applied Information Technology, University of Gothenburg.

Dan Franssonโ€™s principal supervisor has been Professor Magni Mohr, University of Gothenburg; Professor Mats Bรถrjesson, University of Gothenburg and Dr. Stefan Pettersson, University of Gothenburg, have been assistant supervisors.


The introductory chapter of this compilation thesis is available here in full text, open access.


Englishย abstract (Swedish summary below)

The physical activities performed during a football game are of intermittent prolonged character, including explosive actions and running at different speeds. The prolonged intermittent activities are conjoined with periods where physical intensity is markedly increased. The intense periods and prolonged activities affect the physiological and metabolic systems which provoke fatigue both temporarily throughout the game as well as towards the end of a game. Therefore, physical training in football should aim to reach physiological and metabolic adaptations to be able to resist fatigue in order to perform optimally throughout the game. Furthermore, post-game recovery and restoration of performance seems to be a slow process. Physical game demands, training responses and recovery can vary largely between players and needs to be studied with individual emphasis.

The aim of the thesis is to improve the understanding of physical game demands, fatigue profiles in male elite football players with an emphasis on individual differences and implications for fitness training strategies. Running distance and in-game fatigue profiles were investigated through an analysis of game activity data from top-class football players (n = 473). Post-game fatigue and recovery profiles were examined using maximum voluntary contraction in various muscle groups after a simulated football model in competitive players (n = 12). Inter-individual relations between physical game demands and physical response in different small-sided game formats were investigated with global positioning system techniques on professional players (n = 45). Finally, muscular adaptations and physical performance responses of two different
training protocols (four weeks of small-sided games or speed endurance training) were examined by means of pre- and post-intervention muscle biopsies and performance tests on 39 competitive football players.

The results demonstrated that all playing positions indicate temporary fatigue after intense periods during a football game. However, after shorter intense periods central defenders were the only position that did not show a decline in running performance. A large inter-player variation in running performance between and within playing positions was found. Post-game fatigue showed large inter-player differences between various muscle groups and between players. Muscle performance in all investigated groups had recovered within 24 hours post-game except trunk-muscles, which was back to baseline values within 48 hours post-game. The physical response in small-sided game formats differed from game demands on an individual level. High intensity training was more potent in up-regulating muscle oxidative capacity and physical performance compared to small-sided games.
In conclusion, individual differences in game demands and fatigue profiles are large and need to be considered when planning training. Small-sided games seem not to be the most appropriate training method to meet the individual game demands of all individual players. Thus, in order to increase exercise performance and associated physiological adaptations, additional high-intensity training should be considered for some individual football players.

Summary in Swedish

Matchspel i fotboll karakteriseras av intermittent lรฅngvarigt arbete bestรฅende av explosiva aktioner och lรถpning i olika hastigheter. Det intermittenta lรฅngvariga arbetet blandas med perioder dรคr den fysiska intensiteten hรถjs markant. Dessa korta intensiva perioder och det lรฅngvariga intermittenta arbete pรฅverkar fysiologiska och metabola processer vilka framkallar trรถtthet tillfรคlligt under och i slutet av matcher. Dรคrfรถr bรถr fotbollsspelares fysiska trรคnings syfta till att erhรฅlla fysiologiska och metabola anpassningar fรถr att kunna motstรฅ trรถtthet och prestera under hela matchen. ร…terstรคllande av fysiologiska parametrar och prestationsfรถrmรฅga efter en fotbollsmatch, s.k. รฅterhรคmtning, รคr en lรฅngsam process. Fysiska matchkrav, รฅterhรคmtning och trรคningsrespons kan variera till stor del mellan spelare och behรถver studeras med en individuell inriktning.

Syftet med denna avhandling รคr att รถka fรถrstรฅelsen av fysiska matchkrav, trรถtthet och รฅterhรคmtningsprofiler hos manliga elitfotbollsspelare med betoning pรฅ individuella skillnader som underlag fรถr trรคningsstrategier. Fysiska match- krav och prestationsnedsรคttningar undersรถktes genom analys av lรถpdistans hos spelare pรฅ hรถgsta nivรฅ i Europa (n = 473). Vidare undersรถktes trรถtthet och รฅterhรคmtning i olika muskelgrupper genom maximal frivillig muskelkontraktion hos spelare pรฅ tรคvlingsnivรฅ (n = 12) efter simulerad fotbollsmatch. Inter- individuella samband mellan fysiska match-krav och olika format av smรฅlagsspel, studerades med global positioneringsteknik hos spelare pรฅ professionell nivรฅ (n = 45). Slutligen undersรถktes skillnader i muskulรคra fรถrรคndringar, fysisk prestation mellan individuellt genomfรถrd hรถgintensiv trรคning och smรฅlagsspel med hjรคlp av muskelbiopsiteknik och flera prestationstester pรฅ 39 spelare pรฅ hรถg tรคvlingsnivรฅ.

Resultaten visade att alla spelpositioner indikerade temporรคr trรถtthet efter intensiva perioder under match. Emellertid, efter kortare intensiva perioder var centrala fรถrsvarare den enda positionen som inte visade en nedsรคttning i lรถpdistans. Variationen i lรถpdistans under matcher var stor mellan olika positioner samt inom olika positioner. Prestationsnedsรคttningar efter simulerade fotbollsmatcher visade stora skillnader mellan enskilda muskelgrupper och mellan spelare. Alla muskelgrupper รฅterhรคmtades inom 24 timmar efter spel utom mag-musklerna som รฅtervรคnde till utgรฅngspunkten inom 48 timmar efter matchen. Fysisk prestation under smรฅlagsspel skiljde sig i stor utstrรคckning frรฅn match-krav pรฅ en individuell nivรฅ. Gruppen som genomfรถrdeย individuell hรถgintensiv trรคning var den enda som visade uppreglering av muskulรคr oxidativ kapacitet och hade stรถrre รถkning i fysisk prestation รคn smรฅlagsspel.

Sammanfattningsvis รคr individuella skillnader i spelkrav och รฅterhรคmtningsprofiler i olika muskelgrupper stora. Smรฅlagsspel kanske inte รคr den lรคmpligaste trรคningsmetoden fรถr att mรถta de individuella matchkraven. Adderad trรคning som utfรถrs som individuell hรถgintensiv trรคning kan vara en lรคmplig metod fรถr att sรคkerstรคlla fysiologiska anpassningar och รถkad fysisk prestation hos fotbollsspelare.

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