Livestreamad disputation | Bilateral lower limb analysis of kinetic, kinematic, muscle activation and muscle-tendon properties of habitual runners | Tiago Jacques, GIH, fredagen den 4 juni 2021

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På fredag den 4 juni 2021 kl 13:00–16:00 lägger Tiago Jacques fram sin avhandling i idrottsvetenskap vid Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan GIH, Bilateral lower limb analysis of kinetic, kinematic, muscle activation and muscle-tendon properties of habitual runners. Se disputationen live (sändningen startar några minuter innan).

Avhandlingsarbetet har bedrivits med stöd av huvudhandledaren professor Toni Arndt, GIH, och bihandledaren Dr. Rodrigo Bin, La Trove University.

Professor John Rasmussen, Aalborg Universitet, är fakultetsopponent, och betygsnämnden utgörs av docent Maria Fernström, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan; docent Nerrolyn Ramstrand, Jönköpings Universitet; och docent Glenn Björklund, Mittuniversitetet.

Avhandlingen är baserad på nedanstående artiklar:

    1. Jacques T, Bini R, Arndt A. (2021) Running after cycling induces interlimb differences in muscle activation but not in kinetics or kinematics. Journal of Sports Sciences, 39(2):154-160. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1809176.
    2. Jacques T, Bini R, Arndt A. Inter-limb differences in vivo tendon behavior, kinematics, kinetics and muscle activation during running. Submitted to the Journal of Biomechanics. Under review.
    3. Jacques T, Bini R, Arndt A. Bilateral investigation of spatiotemporal variables, vertical and limb stiffness, and center of mass kinematics during submaximal running. Manuscript under preparation for submission to the Gait & Posture journal.
    4. Jacques T, Bini R, Arndt A. Bilateral in vivo neuromechanical properties of the triceps surae and Achilles tendon in runners and triathletes. Accepted for publication in the Journal of Biomechanics on 23rd April 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110493

Avhandlingens kappa kan hämtas ned här.


Abstract

Achilles tendon overuse-related injuries are a frequent problem to habitual runners. Such injuries occur more often unilaterally and its etiology is associated to overloading of the tendon tissue. Inter-limb differences during running are a possible cause for overload due to eventual differences in the mechanical loading provided to each limb. Furthermore, inter-limb differences in Achilles tendon properties were found in athletes due to sport-induced differences in the mechanical loading and in non-athletes due to limb preference. Currently, inter-limb differences in the Achilles properties of habitual runners is unknown. The present thesis investigated the existence of inter-limb differences in biomechanical, neuromechanical and Achilles tendon properties in habitual runners. In Study I, thirteen triathletes performed a cycle-run simulation while vertical ground reaction force (GRFv), lower limb kinematics and triceps surae and tibialis anterior activation were evaluated bilaterally during the start, mid and end stages of the 5 km running segment. In Study II, GRFv, lower limb kinematics, triceps surae and tibialis anterior activation and Achilles tendon strain were evaluated bilaterally in habitual runners at two running speeds (2.7 m.s-1 and 4.2 m.s-1). In Study III, spatiotemporal variables, vertical (kVert) and limb (kLimb) stiffness and center of mass (COM) kinematics were evaluated bilaterally in habitual runners at the same running speeds adopted in Study II. In Study IV, maximal plantar flexion isometric force, triceps surae activation and activation ratios, and Achilles tendon morphological, mechanical and material properties were evaluated bilaterally in habitual runners. In Study I the Soleus activation was lower in the preferred limb from 53.4% to 75.89% of the stance phase (p<0.01, ES range = 0.59 to 0.80) at the end stage of running. In Study II, hip extension velocity was greater in the non-preferred limb from 71% to 93% of the stance phase (p<0.01) during running at 4.2 m.s-1 while no other inter-limb differences were observed. In Study III, no inter-limb differences were observed in spatiotemporal, kVert and kLimb at investigated running speeds. However, COM horizontal velocity was greater from 67% to 87.40% of stance the phase (p<0.05, ES >0.60) when the non-preferred limb was in contact with the ground. In Study IV, no inter-limb differences were observed in triceps surae activation or Achilles tendon properties. The activation ratios of MG and SOL, however, were observed to correlate in the preferred limb only.

In summary, neuromuscular and kinematic inter-limb differences were observed when healthy, non-injured habitual runners performed in running conditions similar to their ecological conditions. Moreover, the Achilles tendon seem to adapt similarly among limbs of habitual runners, while triceps surae activation strategies might differ between limbs. Findings of inter-limb differences occurring during running may result in overload during running and therefore might be implicated in the etiology of Achilles tendon overuse-related injuries in habitual runners. Findings of similar tendon properties among limbs suggest both limbs have similar chances of incurring in the injury process.

Coaches and clinicians might improve current preventive strategies for Achilles tendon overuse-related injuries by monitoring tendon properties and running biomechanical and neuromuscular variables bilaterally across the season.

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