{"id":4624,"date":"2023-06-08T22:51:07","date_gmt":"2023-06-08T20:51:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/idrottsforum.org\/forumbloggen\/?p=4624"},"modified":"2023-06-08T22:51:07","modified_gmt":"2023-06-08T20:51:07","slug":"how-saudi-arabia-came-to-be-at-the-centre-of-a-global-golf-merger","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idrottsforum.org\/forumbloggen\/how-saudi-arabia-came-to-be-at-the-centre-of-a-global-golf-merger\/","title":{"rendered":"How Saudi Arabia came to be at the centre of a global golf\u00a0merger"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_4625\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4625\" style=\"width: 1050px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4625\" src=\"https:\/\/idrottsforum.org\/forumbloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/LIV-golf.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1050\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/idrottsforum.org\/forumbloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/LIV-golf.jpg 1050w, https:\/\/idrottsforum.org\/forumbloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/LIV-golf-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/idrottsforum.org\/forumbloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/LIV-golf-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/idrottsforum.org\/forumbloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/LIV-golf-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/idrottsforum.org\/forumbloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/LIV-golf-696x464.jpg 696w, https:\/\/idrottsforum.org\/forumbloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/LIV-golf-630x420.jpg 630w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1050px) 100vw, 1050px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4625\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Signs greet the LIV Golf Fans at the the LIV Golf Tournament held at the Trump National Golf Club in Bedminster,NJ., July 2022. (Shutterstock\/L.E.MORMILE)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Professional golf \u2013 and increasingly world sport \u2013 is caught in a sand trap. Not the familiar hazard between fairway and green, but the Middle Eastern desert producing enormous quantities of fossil fuels.<\/p>\n<p>The resulting riches are being diverted into sport, disrupting its traditional <a href=\"https:\/\/www.routledge.com\/The-Geopolitical-Economy-of-Sport-Power-Politics-Money-and-the-State\/Chadwick-Widdop-Goldman\/p\/book\/9781032390598\">Western dominance<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The latest example is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2023\/06\/06\/pga-tour-agrees-to-merge-with-saudi-backed-rival-liv-golf.html\">dramatic announcement<\/a> that LIV Golf, the rebel circuit led by retired Australian golfer Greg Norman and backed by Saudi Arabia\u2019s Public Investment Fund, has merged with the (US) PGA and (European) DP World Tours after two years of trench warfare.<\/p>\n<p>While today\u2019s big story is LIV Golf, Saudi Arabia\u2019s involvement in sport will generate many more money-driven, politics-heavy headlines.<\/p>\n<h3>Welcome to the \u2018party hole\u2019<\/h3>\n<p>There are echoes here of Kerry Packer\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com.au\/books\/edition\/The_Cricket_War\/N3Q4DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=world+series+cricket&amp;printsec=frontcover\">World Series Cricket<\/a> and Rupert Murdoch\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com.au\/books\/edition\/Two_Tribes\/N8C6zgEACAAJ?hl=en\">Super (Rugby) League<\/a>. An aggressive, well-funded competitor takes on the sport establishment, promising to shake up a sclerotic game, bringing in new money and younger fans with lashings of razzmatazz.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.livgolf.com\/\">LIV Golf<\/a> offers shorter stroke play contests and a competitive team format. This April, Australia got a taste of it in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mirror.co.uk\/sport\/golf\/liv-golf-adelaide-insane-queue-29777714\">Adelaide<\/a>. Large, raucous crowds turned up, witnessing innovations like a \u201cparty hole\u201d complete with terrace, bars and a DJ.<\/p>\n<p>LIV lured leading golfers such as Australia\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theroar.com.au\/2022\/09\/01\/was-cameron-smith-right-to-sign-for-liv-golf\/\">Cameron Smith<\/a> with enormous contracts, in his case worth A$140 million (US$93.4 million). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.netflix.com\/tudum\/articles\/liv-vs-pga-explained\">In response<\/a>, the main tours banned LIV-signed golfers from most of their tournaments. Inevitably, it ended up in the courts, with LIV suing the PGA Tour for restrictive practices, and the PGA countersuing for inducement to break contracts.<\/p>\n<p>Peace suddenly broke out this week via a joint news release <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/sports\/golf\/pga-tour-european-tour-liv-golf-announce-merger-2023-06-06\/\">announcing<\/a> the tours and LIV Golf would morph into a collectively owned, for-profit entity. This came as a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.foxsports.com.au\/golf\/pga-tour-2023-golf-news-liv-golf-merger-reaction-live-updates-players-shred-jay-monahan\/news-story\/c2634b78785b4f65947211ed8f705327\">shock<\/a> to tour golfers in an ostensibly player-run organisation, who found out via Twitter.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">I love finding out morning news on Twitter<\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Collin Morikawa (@collin_morikawa) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/collin_morikawa\/status\/1666085967105773574?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">June 6, 2023<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Even <a href=\"https:\/\/www.news.com.au\/sport\/golf\/greg-norman-reportedly-losing-his-job-in-bombshell-golf-merger\/news-story\/a923aa4a10ca6caf32f70d2ae5c946b8\">Greg Norman<\/a> \u2013 a pivotal but deeply divisive figure \u2013 was apparently blindsided and discarded.<\/p>\n<p>With Saudi Arabia\u2019s Public Investment Fund governor Yasir Al-Rumayyan as chair and PGA Tour commissioner Jay Monahan as chief executive, the so-far unnamed entity must heal some deep wounds. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/sport\/golf\/65827786\">Golfers<\/a> who refused massive LIV contracts and believed Monahan\u2019s defiant rhetoric feel sold down the river. It will take more than boosterist words from golf\u2019s inner circle to placate them.<\/p>\n<p>Golf\u2019s turmoil is symptomatic of the impact of huge injections of capital into sport from outside the US and Europe. It does not only come from the Middle East. The <a href=\"https:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/news\/sports\/what-makes-the-ipl-a-more-lucrative-and-safer-investment-than-even-the-icc-world-cups\/articleshow\/99176918.cms?from=mdr\">Indian Premier League<\/a>, both men\u2019s and women\u2019s, has comprehensively refashioned the economy of world cricket.<\/p>\n<p>China has invested huge sums in soccer, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2022\/01\/26\/1075881068\/the-significance-of-beijing-hosting-both-the-summer-and-winter-olympics\">Beijing<\/a> is the only city to have hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympics.<\/p>\n<p>But the Middle East is where commercial sport is seen as the future of a post-carbon economy. Last year, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/qatar-world-cup-socceroos-best-ever-performance-and-what-it-means-for-the-game-in-australia-ahead-of-hosting-the-womens-world-cup-195736\">Qatar<\/a> hosted the men\u2019s FIFA World Cup and is steadily supplementing its sports infrastructure, while the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain have committed large sums to motorsports and cricket.<\/p>\n<p>Saudi Arabia is making the biggest impact on global sport through its A$10 trillion (US$6.7 trillion) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vision2030.gov.sa\/\">Vision 2030<\/a> plan to diversify its economy under leader Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (also known as MBS).<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Saudi Arabia and sport: a strategic gamble aiming for economic, political and social\u00a0goals<a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/sDBXYdb7XF\">https:\/\/t.co\/sDBXYdb7XF<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Professor Simon Chadwick (@Prof_Chadwick) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Prof_Chadwick\/status\/1656226635639603201?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">May 10, 2023<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<h3>Money and image<\/h3>\n<p>Human rights come to the fore every time such non-Western countries host a major sport investment or buy a major sport property. A 2021 <a href=\"https:\/\/grantliberty.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sports-washing-report-1.pdf\">report<\/a> by human rights group Liberty found Saudi Arabia had recently invested more than A$2 billion (US$1.3 billion) in sport. Much more since has been spent on sports such as football, golf, motor racing and cricket.<\/p>\n<p>In the world game, Saudi Arabia\u2019s Public Investment Fund bought English Premier League club <a href=\"https:\/\/theathletic.com\/4375454\/2023\/04\/06\/saudi-newcastle-boris-government\/\">Newcastle United<\/a>, and has recruited superstars such as Cristiano Ronaldo and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/6\/6\/karim-benzema-joins-saudi-champions-al-ittihad-in-three-year-deal\">Karim Benzema<\/a> to the Saudi Pro League.<\/p>\n<p>The sight of a laughing FIFA President <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/sport\/football\/article-11450713\/Outrage-FIFA-boss-laughs-Saudi-Prince-Mohammed-bin-Salman-Qatar-World-Cup-opening-ceremony.html\">Gianni Infantino<\/a> seated alongside MBS at the Qatar World Cup opening ceremony fuelled suspicions that the kingdom\u2019s bid for the 2030 men\u2019s World Cup has the inside running.<\/p>\n<p>Sport investment is clearly part of the country\u2019s economic agenda, but also its political positioning. Such <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2023\/02\/16\/saudi-arabias-newest-sportswashing-strategy-sponsorship-womens-world-cup\">sportswashing<\/a> is a method used by illiberal regimes to cover up the ugly face of repression. Despite some loosening of controls over women in Saudi Arabia in areas like driving cars, MBS <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/saudi-arabia-sportswashing-human-rights-accusations-60-minutes-2023-04-09\/\">undermined<\/a> his claim to be a moderniser when 81 people convicted of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2022\/03\/15\/saudi-arabia-mass-execution-81-men\">crimes<\/a> ranging from murder to \u201cmonitoring and targeting officials and expatriates\u201d were beheaded on one day in March 2022.<\/p>\n<p>Critics of the <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/10126902221136086\">sportswashing concept<\/a> argue that it\u2019s imprecise, and moreover is a routine feature of national and corporate public relations all over the world. It is also used selectively, despite countries like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2023-04-24\/liv-golf-saudi-arabia-and-sportswashing-adelaide\/102255808\">Australia<\/a> having their own deficient human rights records regarding First Nations peoples and refugees, and trading freely with repressive nations.<\/p>\n<p>But sport attracts greater scrutiny because it is carried on television screens, not container ships. This profile was clear when Infantino was forced, after an angry response by players, to abandon plans to make <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/lifestyle\/sports\/visit-saudi-wont-be-sponsor-womens-world-cup-says-infantino-2023-03-16\/\">Visit Saudi<\/a> a major sponsor of the 2023 FIFA Women\u2019s World Cup in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand.<\/p>\n<p>Saudi tourism may have missed out this time, but Saudi capital will continue visiting many more sports and countries.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/how-saudi-arabia-came-to-be-at-the-centre-of-a-global-golf-merger-207203\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><strong>Copyright \u00a9 David Rowe 2023<\/strong><br \/>\nEmail: <a href=\"mailto:d.rowe@westernsydney.edu.au\">d.rowe@westernsydney.edu.au<\/a><br \/>\nTwitter: <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/rowe_david\">@rowe_david<\/a><br \/>\nWebsite: <a href=\"https:\/\/westernsydney.edu.au\/ics\/people\/researchers\/david_rowe\">https:\/\/westernsydney.edu.au\/ics\/people\/researchers\/david_rowe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Professional golf \u2013 and increasingly world sport \u2013 is caught in a sand trap. Not the familiar hazard between fairway and green, but the Middle Eastern desert producing enormous quantities of fossil fuels. The resulting riches are being diverted into sport, disrupting its traditional Western dominance. The latest example is the dramatic announcement that LIV [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":4625,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4624","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-okategoriserade"},"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/idrottsforum.org\/forumbloggen\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/LIV-golf.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2JbBl-1cA","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/idrottsforum.org\/forumbloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4624","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/idrottsforum.org\/forumbloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/idrottsforum.org\/forumbloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idrottsforum.org\/forumbloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idrottsforum.org\/forumbloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4624"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/idrottsforum.org\/forumbloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4624\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4631,"href":"https:\/\/idrottsforum.org\/forumbloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4624\/revisions\/4631"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idrottsforum.org\/forumbloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4625"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/idrottsforum.org\/forumbloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4624"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idrottsforum.org\/forumbloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4624"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idrottsforum.org\/forumbloggen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4624"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}